Betaine, also known as trimethyl amino acid, is a non-toxic and harmless natural alkaloid. It also participates in the body's methyl metabolism as an efficient methyl donor. Its shape is white prismatic or leaf shaped crystals, and its molecular formula is C5H12NO2. It was first discovered in sugar beets in Europe in the 19th century.
1. The intake of betaine increases the concentration of betaine in the body, reducing the oxidation of choline to betaine, thereby maintaining choline concentration, promoting the synthesis of apolipoprotein such as very low-density lipoprotein VLDL, and facilitating the transport of fat from the liver; Accelerate fat transport output.
2. A considerable concentration of choline and phosphatidic acid synthesize phospholipids, which reduce the activity of fat producing enzymes and thereby affect the body's sugar metabolism to produce fat.
3. Betaine activates betaine homocysteine methyltransferase activity to convert methyl groups, promotes free carnitine synthesis, promotes fatty acid oxidation metabolism, and accelerates fat breakdown metabolism.
4. Betaine can replace methionine to provide methyl groups and synthesize carnitine with the carbon chain provided by lysine. Carnitine then binds to acyl CoA and enters mitochondria, oxidizing fatty acids for fat synthesis and reducing liver fat deposition. Consuming raw materials for fat synthesis, thereby reducing synthesis.